Burner.



No. 761,604.' PATENTED MAY 315-1904.

- A. PIAT.

BURNER.

APPLIOATION rIL1 :D rBB.17. 190s. No MODEL.

tical.

UNITED STATES Patented May 31, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT PIAT, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

Buisman.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 761,604, dated May 31, 1904.A Application filed February 17,1903. Serial-No. 143,872. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern: V

. Be it known that I, ALBERT PIAT, constructing engineer, of 85 Rue St. Maur, in the city of Paris, Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in and Connect- 'ed with Burners Applicable to--the Furnaces Used in the Metallurgical Industry, which irnprovements are fully set forth in the following specification.

The present invention relates to a combined ventilator and mixer intended .for feeding heavy hydrocarbons to burners applicable to furnaces generally and particularly to metallurgical furnaces. Inthis Ventilatingv and mixing device 'the air and hydrocarbon are mixed by means of a turbine with blades, which is driven by air from a blast-engine and in the center of which the inlet-pipes for the hydrocarbon have their opening. The regulation of the motive current or stream of air and of the subjacent current or stream of air passing to the burner is effected by Valves of special .form and arrangement operated by a suitable gearing. The air feed andmixing device can be set in motion and stopped instantly and certainly by merely opening or closing a cock placed in a suitable position.-

Finally, the angle which is formed with the vertical branch of the blast-engine by the inlet-pipe opening to the furnace which succeeds the chamber of the turbine is equal tb one hundred and twenty-eight degrees as being the most suitable angle at which the atomized liquids should be sprayed with regard to the ver- This improved mixing and Ventilating device is shown in the accompanying vsheet of drawings, illustrating one embodiment of my invention, wherein understood.

into two portions 2' and 3 by a longitudinal fixed partition 4. Each of the passages 2 and 3 can be-made large or small or can even be completely closed by means of a separate arrangement hereinafter described. vThe adjustment of the opening 2, through which passes the subjacent current of air going to the burner, is effected by means'of the following arrangement, constituting, in effect, a valve, to wit:v

Armovable bottom of three surfaces', 6, and 7, jointed together at the points 8 and 9 and joined to the walls of the branch4 pipe at 10 and 11, is supported by a double-branched lever 12, adapted to'rotate round a fixed axis 13, mounted on the walls of the branch pipe. The two branches or arms of this lever are joined to the parts 6 and 7 at the point 9. At

one extremity of the axis 10', upon which part 5 is fixed, there is keyed a gear-Wheel 14,

.placed outside the branch pipe, the wall of which is traversed by said axis 10. This wheel engages with a` small pinion 15, rotating on a fixed axis 16, said pinionbeing keyed to a handle 17. I

As will be seen, the position of the parts 5 and-6 can be altered to open or close passage.

of a bolt to 17', fittedwith a thumb-screw.

(Not shown). When the passage has been regulated in this manner, an invariable working of theA apparatus is obtained, even in spite of any vibrations transmitted by the burner itself or by adjacent apparatus. The operation of .such'a feed-passage is readily Bya slight movementv 'of the` handle 17 the operator can either causethe approach to or complete removal fro'mthej "-1 fixed diaphragm 4, over which the stream vof hydrocarbon passes, of the surface 5, which r governs the volume of the current of air. It must, furthermore, be observed that this arrangement which assures the rapidity of the operation of closing or opening section 2 also insures its precision. In fact, the relative size of the pinion 15 and the wheel 14 may be so varied that the operator attending to the IOO burner is able to make the surface 5 approach or recede from the diaphragm 4 by slightly moving the handle 17. The extreme position of this surface 5, which corresponds to the complete closing of the opening 2, is shown by the mixed lines in Fig. 1.

The regulation of opening 3, lthrough which there passes the motive current of air acting upon the turbine hereinafter described, is effected in the following manner: A sheetiron sliding valve 18, mounted in longitudinal guide-grooves 19, has two racks 2O fixed to it, by means of which the plane of its position can be changed. The sliding valve and its racks form one single piece adapted to be operated by pinions 2l, keyed on an axis 22 and rotating in bearings made integral with the sides of the burner. The same axis has keyed upon onevof its extremities a handle 23, which moves along a slot 24, at any point whereof it can be stopped, and notably at the point indicated in the drawings, by means of bolts 25, fitted with a thumb-screw. (Not shown.) This slight movement assures at the same time the degree of rapidity desired for operating the sliding valve 18, the precision necessary for regulating the working of the apparatus, and, finally, the stability of the sliding valve when it has been placed in the position intended to produce a certain result.

The rapidity in the working of the mechanism forv regulating the thickness of the stream of air lying beneath the current of liquid and the adjusting of the sliding valve controlling the quantity of air actuating the turbine result from the improvements which have just been described.

The bladed turbine or atomizer 26, which is put in motion by the motive current entering through the opening 3, is mounted on bearings in thevwalls of the mixing-chamber 27 and receives on its blades and in its center, as will be hereinafter described, the heavy oil arriving through the unions 28, connected to the pipes which supply the hydrocarbon. The manner in which this turbine is placed in the space left by the sides of the chamber 27 is characteristic. Instead of the clearance between the blades of the turbine and the walls of the chamber 27 being reduced to a minimum it is only reduced from point 29 to point 30. Freni point 30 up to the sliding valve at the point marked 31 it increases and acquires a spiral form. Upon this part of the wall there are placed at intervals projections 82, 33, 34C, and 35 ofadeterminedlength and regulated or adjusted in such a way that each molecule thrown upon them by the corresponding blades may be hurled forcibly by the projections upon the wall and thence back upon the turbine-blades, as shown by mixed lines in Fig. 1.

If the course of a molecule be followed by way of example, it will be seen thata molecule quitting the turbine at point 86 strikes such a projection or rib as 311 at point 37, then impinges violently upon the walls at 38, and from there is projected in the form of spray upon theI center of the turbine. If, perchance, this molecule were not suiiiciently atomized, it would be caught up again by the succeeding blade of the turbine, which would assuredly reduce it to the form of spray. The result of this arrangement is to prevent the molecules which are thrown against the walls of the chamber in which the turbine moves from remaining attached thereto by reason of cen trifugal action until the thick coating that would be formed becoming so large that it would be carried along by the turbine in the shape of a liquid sheet to the furnace. It would then come to pass that this quantity of liquid awaiting ignition in order to be brought up toa sufficient temperature there would periodically occur in the hearth a kind of explosion followed by a thick smoke, the sign of a cooling olf in all the heated parts. Such a disadvantageous phenomenon cannotoccur with the arrangement that has just been described. Another and equally important characteristic of this turbine lies, as has been stated, in the manner in which the hydrocarbon is brought in contact with the blades. As may be seen from Fig. 2, the blades are cut in such a way as to admit of the entrance of the ends 3) of the hydrocarbon-supply pipes 28, the hydrocarbon thus being poured out at the very center of the turbine, upon the blades of which it is distributed in the form of a large sheet. In practice this is the very best point in order to obtain a perfect mixing. It is quite evident that the passages which admit of the entry of the pipes 39 are made in such away as to leave as little clearance as possible between these pipes and the sides of each blade. Now in order to admit of the complete stoppage of the burner and in order after the termination of each operation, which consequently necessitates the stoppageof the burner, that it may not be necessary to regulate the sliding valve of the turbine and the feed-passage anew in order to commence a new operation an arrangement .has been provided assuring the total and instantaneous stoppage of the burner without first having to manipulate the feed-passage and the slide-valve. This arrangement consists in interposing between the ventilator and the apparatus which is to be heated a cock 40, which completely shuts off the hydrocarbonspraying pipe 41. @n the other hand, it also enables this pipe to be opened to the full in order to avoid all causes for the condensation of the atomized hydrocarbon molecules. To this end the plug of the said cock has surfaces which correspond bur for bur with those of the pipe. It is readily seen that on manipulating this cock 40 it will be possible to stop the apparatus or set it in motion again instantaneously without having to disturb the slid- Ioo j IIO ingvalve 18 or the feed-passage lever mechanism 6 7. The advantage that can be realized by being able to completely stop at any desired moment the hydrocarbon coming from the pipe (this stoppage beingquite certain, as has been set forth) is as follows: The metal under treatment ina metallurgical apparatus having arrived at the desired liquid condition lis ready to be poured into'the molds. l The burner is stopped; but the very high temperature existing .in ,the furnace placed in operatemperatures Without .losing its shape. Y

. Another characteristic of my improved device is the arrangement of the spraying-pipe I 41 at an angle of onehundred and twentyfurnace.

eight degrees to the air-supply pipe 1. The Value of this angle is far from being indifferent as regards the reduction of the hydrocarbons into spray and their rapid spraying into the The effort which forces the liquid molecule thrown out in the form of spray would doubtless 'conduct it to the point that has been mentioned if the weight did not tend to make it deviate. The change which takes place from the fact of this weight in the ini- :tial direction of the molecule can cause it to come in contact with an obstacle, and thus cause its condensation. The experiments made have shown that th best result is obtained when the angle formed by the axis of the spraying-pipe with the ver'- tical axis of the air-feed'is thatof one hundred and twenty-eight degrees, hereinbefore mentioned.

Finally, in order to prevent unforeseen accidents resulting from faulty construction causing condensation in the spraying-pipe and in order to prevent anything from reaching the burner that is not a vapor of atomzed hydrocarbon a reservoir 42, with a purgingcock 43, has been added to the lower' part of thesprayer 41. Particles of hydrocarbon that have liquefied through some unknown cause (a crack, for instance, due to a faulty adjustment or'else condensation produced in certain undesirable spaces) become attached to the lower wall of the spraying-pipe and tend` to run along this surface to the hearth; .but they come to the reservoir 42, where they collected and from which they are afterward drawn off by means of the purging-cock with which it is itted.

1. In a mixing device for hydrocarbonburners, a mixing-chamber, a turbine-Wheel located in said chamber, means for delivering hydrocarbon on said turbine-Wheel, projections arranged on the Wall of said chamber, and means for revolving. said turbine-wheel to project the hydrocarbon therefrom against said projections and back again onto the tur'- bine-wheel until the hydrocarbon is completely atomized.

Q. In a mixing device for hydrocarbonburners, a turbine-wheel, a mixing-chamber having a wall which recedes from the blades of said turbine-wheel, projections of dierent lengths arranged on said wall, means for delivering hydrocarbon on said wheel, and means for revolving said wheel to project the hydrocarbon therefrom against said projections and back again onto the wheel until said hydrocarbon is atomized.

3. In a mixing device for hydrocarbonburners, a mixing-chamber, a turbine-wheel located in said mixing-chamber, cut-away portions formed in the bladesv of said wheel, a hydrocarbon conduit or pipe leading into said cut-away portions to conduct the hydrocarbon to the center of said turbine-wheel.

4. In a mixing device for hydrocarbonburners, an air-conduit divided into two passages, and means for regulating the current `of air passing through one of said passages and comprising a slide-valve, la rack fixed thereto, an actuating-handle and connections between lsaid handle and rack whereby the regulation of said slide-valve is effected.

5. In a mixer for hydrocarbon-burners, an air-conduit divided into two passages, a turbine actuated by a current of air traversing one passage, and a valve in one passage for C controlling the passage of a1r therethrough, said valve comprising a plurality of jointed surfaces adapted to be moved'into position to vary the size of or to close said passage.

- In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

. ALBERI PIAT. Witnesses:

DOMINIQUE CAsALoNeA, AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM.

IOO 

